((67) Past ei: [[kissV(John)(Mary)](the garden)Loc](ei) […]. Predication operators π2 (such as “Past” in (67)) represent the grammatical means through which the SoA [state of affairs] designated by the core predication can be located with respect to temporal, spatial, and cognitive parameters. The most important types of predication operators are the following: •Tense operators, • External phasal aspect operators, • Quantificational aspect operators, • Objective mood operators, • Polarity operators (positive/negative).
- Dik (1989), a pag.202