In accordance with our general view of verbal interaction, referring will here be interpreted as a pragmatic, cooperative action of a Speaker in a pattern of comminucation between Speaker and Addressee, according to the model: (1) S refers A to E by means of T Where T is some term, and E is some entity.
- Dik (1989), a pag.111

Term formation rules produce term structures conforming to the following general schema: (17) (Ωxi: Φ1 (xi): Φ2 (xi): … : Φn (xi)) in which Ω stands for one or more “term operators”, xi symbolizes the intended referent, and each Φ(xi) is a “predication open in xi” (i.e. a predicate frame of which all positions except that occupied by xi have been filled by term structures), which acts as a “restrictor” on the possible values that xi may have.
- Dik (1989), a pag.55