Before a stop [lit. ʻcontact consonantʼ, including the nasals “ṅ”, “ñ”, “ṇ”, “n”, and “m”], there is “abhinidhāna” [i.e. lack of release] of a stop. Also at the end of a word [before pause in the Padapāṭha] and [at the end of the first member of a compound, or at the end of a nominal base] in separation [of the members of a compound or of the base from the case-ending in the Padapāṭha, a stop is reduced to “abhinidhāna”]. (pp. 175-176)
- Deshpande (1997)