Last, we have monemes which secure autonomy for other monemes to which they are attached, by indicating their function, i.e. their relation to the rest of the utterance. The combination with such a moneme with its dependants is an authonomous phrase. These we shall call functional monemes, functional indicator, or simply functionals. Functionals correspond to preposition and conjunctions of traditional grammar, but also to a case endings.
- Martinet (1962), a pag.45

Some monemes must necessarily identified as endowed with functions and others as functional indicators.This account for the fact that there is no language recorded in which one should not somehow distinguish between grammatical and lexical items, whether these be opposed as empty words to full words, or as grammatical categories to basic concrete units.
- Martinet (1962), a pag.100