Replacive morphemes, like additive morphemes, may consist of segmental or of suprasegmental phonemes [...]
- Nida (1948), a pag.440

A rarer type of replacement is represented by the English series 'bath': 'bathe', 'sheath': 'sheathe', 'wreath': 'wreathe', 'teeth': 'teethe', 'safe': 'save', 'strife': 'strive', 'thief': 'thieve', 'grief': 'grieve', 'half': 'halve', 'shelf': 'shelve', 'serf': 'serve', 'advice': 'advise', 'house' /haws/: 'house' /hawz/, etc. In each pair, the noun has a voiceless continuant, the verb a voiced continuant. If we agree to derive the verbs from the nouns, we set up three specific replacive elements: /ð←ɵ/, /v←f/, and /z←s/; but since these three elements exhibit a phonetic-semantic resemblance to each other, and since their occurrence is phonologically conditioned, we combine them into a single replacive morpheme.
- Nida (1948), a pag.440

The shift of stress in related nouns and verbs in English ('impact', 'import', 'insult', 'insert', 'discourse', 'rebel', 'protest', etc.) is also a type of replacive. The morpheme in this instance is /V́ ... V ← V ... V́/, where V stands for any syllabic. The stress of the underlying verb is not here regarded as a morpheme by itself; what is morphemic is rather the replacement of a stress on the second syllable by a stress on the first.
- Nida (1948), a pag.441